Educational Topics
History Sexual reproduction
History Sexual reproduction
- Hamilton, W. D., Axelrod, R., & Tanese, R. (1990). Sexual reproduction as an adaptation to resist parasites (a review). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 87(9), 3566-3573.
- Crow, J. F. (1992). An advantage of sexual reproduction in a rapidly changing environment. Journal of Heredity, 83(3), 169-173.
- Wedekind, Claus, et al. MHC-dependent mate preferences in humans. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 260.1359 (1995): 245-249.
- Keeling, P. J., & Palmer, J. D. (2008). Horizontal gene transfer in eukaryotic evolution. Nature Reviews Genetics, 9(8), 605.
- Penetrance and variable expressivity. U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Penetrance and expressivity. Phenotype Variability by Nature Education
- Hemophilia: Your Guide to Understanding Genetic Conditions
- Pleiotropy: One Gene Can Affect Multiple Traits
- Polyploidy. How does this interesting condition crop up, and what advantages and disadvantages does it impart? Scitable Nature Education
- Sex-linkage. Learn.Genetics. Genetic Science Learning Center
- Chromatin Remodeling in Eukaryotes.
- DNA Packaging: Nucleosomes and Chromatin.
- RNA Functions: Noncoding RNAs in Eukaryotes.
- Discovery of DNA Structure and Function: Watson and Crick.
- Recombinant DNA Technology and Transgenic Animals
- Epigenetic Influences and Disease.
- Genomic Imprinting. Genetic Science Learning Center
- Heterochromatin and RNA interference.
- Gene Expression Overview.
- RNA Transcription by RNA Polymerase: Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes.
- DNA Transcription.
- Transcription Factors and Transcriptional Control in Eukaryotic Cells.
- Spliceosome: What are they?
- Translation Overview: Video
- Translation: DNA to mRNA to Protein.
- Protein post-translational modification (PTM). ThermoFisher
- Operons and Prokaryotic Gene Regulation
- Positive Transcription Control: The Glucose Effect
- Gene Expression - Eukaryotes.
- RNA Splicing: Introns, Exons and Spliceosome
- Regulation of Transcription and Gene Expression in Eukaryotes
- Chromatin Remodeling in Eukaryotes
- Chromosomal Sex Determination in Mammals. Developmental Biology 6th Edition
- Sex Chromosomes and Sex Determination
- Dynamics of DNA Methylation in Recent Human and Great Ape Evolution
- Transposable Elements, Epigenetics, and Genome Evolution
- Epigenetics: The sins of the father
- Epigenomics: National Human Genome Research Institute
- Feil, R., & Fraga, M. F. (2012). Epigenetics and the environment: emerging patterns and implications. Nature Reviews Genetics, 13(2), 97.
- Robinson, G. E., & Barron, A. B. (2017). Epigenetics and the evolution of instincts. Science, 356(6333), 26-27.
- Lifetime monogamy and the evolution of eusociality
- Morran, L. T., Schmidt, O. G., Gelarden, I. A., Parrish, R. C., & Lively, C. M. (2011). Running with the Red Queen: host-parasite coevolution selects for biparental sex. Science, 333(6039), 216-218.
- Bonachela, J. A., Wortel, M. T., & Stenseth, N. C. (2017). Eco-evolutionary Red Queen dynamics regulate biodiversity in a metabolite-driven microbial system. Scientific reports, 7(1), 17655.
- Bourke, A. F. (2014). Hamilton's rule and the causes of social evolution. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B, 369(1642), 20130362.
- Nowak, M. A., Tarnita, C. E., & Wilson, E. O. (2010). The evolution of eusociality. Nature, 466(7310), 1057.
- Abbot, P., Abe, J., Alcock, J., Alizon, S., Alpedrinha, J. A., Andersson, M., ... & Barton, N. (2011). Inclusive fitness theory and eusociality. Nature, 471(7339), E1. ARISING FROM M. A. Nowak, C. E. Tarnita & E. O. Wilson Nature 466, 1057–1062 (2010).
- Wilson, E. O., & Hölldobler, B. (2005). Eusociality: origin and consequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102(38), 13367-13371.
- A Brief Review of Short Tandem Repeat Mutation
- How does Fragment Analysis work? Microsatellites and SNPs
- How does Sanger Sequencing Work?
- How the Golden State Killer's DNA Nabbed Him
- NCBI NOW, Lecture 7, Using BLAST for Genomic Analysis. Tools for using BLAST to investigate Next-Generation Sequence Datasets
- Webinar: A Practical Guide to NCBI BLAST on the Web
- Webinar: Phylogenetic Trees in Genome Workbench
- Genome Workbench: Phylogenetic Trees
- Personal genomics: the future of healthcare?
- Personalized Medicine
- Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine
- Pharmacogenetics, Personalized Medicine, and Race
- Webinar: Accessing 1000 Genomes Data at NCBI. How to display, search, and download individual and genotype level data through the 1000 Genomes Browser, and how to access the data through the SRA, dbVar, dbSNP and BioProject resources, as well as through tracks on annotated sequences in the Variation Viewer.
- Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) - An Introduction
- High-throughput Sequencing/Next Gen Sequencing - Illumina Sequencing Technology
- Genomes of Other Organisms: DNA Barcoding and Metagenomics
- Genome-Wide Association Studies
- How CRISPR lets us edit our DNA | Jennifer Doudna
- CRISPR/Cas9 and Targeted Genome Editing: A New Era in Molecular Biology
- Metagenomics: Revealing the Secrets of Our Microbial Planet (NCBI)
- Using Shotgun Metagenomics to Reveal the Impact of the Gut Microbiome - Rob Knight
- CRISPR elucidates genetic basis of social behavior in ants
- Comparative Genomics: National Human Genome Research Institute
- Ackermann, R. R., Arnold, M. L., Baiz, M. D., Cahill, J. A., Cortés‐Ortiz, L., Evans, B. J., ... & Zinner, D. (2019). Hybridization in human evolution: Insights from other organisms. Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews, 28(4), 189-209.
- Padial, J. M., & De la Riva, I. (2021). A paradigm shift in our view of species drives current trends in biological classification. Biological Reviews, 96(2), 731-751.
- Korber, B., Muldoon, M., Theiler, J., Gao, F., Gupta, R., Lapedes, A., ... & Bhattacharya, T. (2000). Timing the ancestor of the HIV-1 pandemic strains. science, 288(5472), 1789-1796.
- Panhuis, T. M., Butlin, R., Zuk, M., & Tregenza, T. (2001). Sexual selection and speciation. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 16(7), 364-371.
- Schluter, D., & Pennell, M. W. (2017). Speciation gradients and the distribution of biodiversity. Nature, 546(7656), 48.
- Hudson, E. J., & Price, T. D. (2014). Pervasive reinforcement and the role of sexual selection in biological speciation. Journal of Heredity, 105(S1), 821-833.
- Nielsen, R., Bustamante, C., Clark, A. G., Glanowski, S., Sackton, T. B., Hubisz, M. J., ... & Sninsky, J. J. (2005). A scan for positively selected genes in the genomes of humans and chimpanzees. PLoS biology, 3(6), e170.
- Patterson, N., Richter, D. J., Gnerre, S., Lander, E. S., & Reich, D. (2006). Genetic evidence for complex speciation of humans and chimpanzees. Nature, 441(7097), 1103.
- Chen, F. C., & Li, W. H. (2001). Genomic divergences between humans and other hominoids and the effective population size of the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees. The American Journal of Human Genetics, 68(2), 444-456.
- Gire, S. K., Goba, A., Andersen, K. G., Sealfon, R. S., Park, D. J., Kanneh, L., ... & Wohl, S. (2014). Genomic surveillance elucidates Ebola virus origin and transmission during the 2014 outbreak. science, 345(6202), 1369-1372.
- Hughes, W. O., Oldroyd, B. P., Beekman, M., & Ratnieks, F. L. (2008). Ancestral monogamy shows kin selection is key to the evolution of eusociality. Science, 320(5880), 1213-1216.
- Evolution of monogamy in humans the result of infanticide risk, new study suggests.
- Behavioral Genomics. Nature Education
- Robinson, G. E., & Barron, A. B. (2017). Epigenetics and the evolution of instincts. Science, 356(6333), 26-27.
- Ridley, M. (2004). Evolution. Malden
- Hu, C. K., & Hoekstra, H. E. (2017, January). Peromyscus burrowing: a model system for behavioral evolution. In Seminars in cell & developmental biology (Vol. 61, pp. 107-114). Academic Press.
- Audet, J. N., Kayello, L., Ducatez, S., Perillo, S., Cauchard, L., Howard, J. T., ... & Lefebvre, L. (2018). Divergence in problem-solving skills is associated with differential expression of glutamate receptors in wild finches. Science advances, 4(3), eaao6369.
- Persson, M. E., Wright, D., Roth, L. S., Batakis, P., & Jensen, P. (2016). Genomic regions associated with interspecies communication in dogs contain genes related to human social disorders. Scientific reports, 6, 33439.
- Buchman, A., Marshall, J. M., Ostrovski, D., Yang, T., & Akbari, O. S. (2018). Synthetically engineered Medea gene drive system in the worldwide crop pest Drosophila suzukii. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(18), 4725-4730.
- Ledford, H., & Callaway, E. (2015). Gene drive'mosquitoes engineered to fight malaria. Nature.
- Marshall, J. M., & Akbari, O. S. (2015). Gene drive strategies for population replacement. In Genetic Control of Malaria and Dengue (pp. 169-200).
- Homeotic Genes and Body Patterns. Genetic science learning center.
- Müller, G. B. (2007). Evo–devo: extending the evolutionary synthesis. Nature reviews genetics, 8(12), 943.
- Hummel, S., Schmidt, D., Kremeyer, B., Herrmann, B., & Oppermann, M. (2005). Detection of the CCR5-Δ32 HIV resistance gene in Bronze Age skeletons. Genes & Immunity, 6(4), 371-374.
- Yudin, N. S., Sergey, V. V., Potapova, T. A., Naykova, T. M., Sitnikova, V. V., Kulikov, I. V., ... & Voevoda, M. I. (1998). Distribution of CCR5-delta 32 gene deletion across the Russian part of Eurasia. Human genetics, 102(6), 695-698.
- Galvani, A. P., & Novembre, J. (2005). The evolutionary history of the CCR5-Δ32 HIV-resistance mutation. Microbes and Infection, 7(2), 302-309.
DNA Testing Sites
Genetic Traits and Inherited Diseases
- Case Studies. National Science Foundation (Genetics)
- Case Study in Genetics and Mental Illness. Disorders (autism, major depression, schizophrenia, ADHD, and bipolar disorder)
- Red Hair. 23andMe
- Type 1 diabetes
- Alzheimer's disease. Mayo Clinic
- Fragile X Syndrome. U.S. National Library of Medicine and Center for Disease Control
- Huntington's Disease: The Discovery of the Huntingtin Gene
- First gene mutation explaining development of multiple sclerosis
- Klinefelter syndrome
- Autism: Discovery of 18 New Autism-Linked Genes May Point to New Treatments
Most of the candidate genes play roles in cellular processes also implicated in intellectual disability. Whole-Genome Sequencing
Tools
- NCBI: The National Center for Biotechnology Information
- Human Genome Resources at NCBI. Reference Genome Sequence.
- Genome Reference Consortium. Genome Assemblies.
- ClinVar @NCBI. Information about genomic variation and its relationship to human health.
- BLAST: Basic Local Alignment Search Tool
- QIIME. An open-source bioinformatics pipeline for performing microbiome analysis from raw DNA sequencing data.
- Earth Microbiome Project
- PhyML 3.0. Phylogenetic Tree Analysis Using Maximum Likelihood
- Swiss-Prot. BLAST
- Personal Genome Project: Harvard Medical School
- Personal Geneome Project: Microbiome Data
- EBI Metagenomics Database
News
- Routine DNA Screening Moves Into Primary Care
- How Prized Bull Semen And DNA Testing Are Reshaping America's Beef Herd.
- How telomeres protect cells from premature senescence. Researchers found an RNA species identifying critically short telomeres
- To Fight Malaria, Scientists Try Genetic Engineering To Wipe Out Mosquitoes. Gene Drive and CRISPR-cas9
- The EPA Quietly Approved Monsanto's New Genetic-Engineering Technology. It’s the first time RNA interference will be used to kill insect pests.
- Octopuses Rewrite Their RNA to Beat the Cold. During RNA editing, cells amend the nucleotide sequence of the RNA, which can alter the sequence of amino acids in the resulting protein and change the protein's function. The Antarctic octopus edits its RNA at nine sites that change the amino acid sequence of the potassium channel, the researchers report online today in Science. One of these sites, known as I321V, was particularly important for adapting to the cold: The change more than doubles the potassium channel's closing speed. Science Related NYTimes Piece: A Genetic Oddity May Give Octopuses and Squids Their Smarts
- Type 1 diabetes cured in mice using gene therapy
- What Does It Mean to Be a Species? Genetics Is Changing the Answer. As DNA techniques let us see animals in finer and finer gradients, the old definition is falling apart.
- Drug Is First to Treat Cancer Based on Genetics, Not Location.
- A massive new study lays out the map of our genetic intelligence. Review Article. Original Article.
- A Scientist's Dream Fulfilled: Harnessing The Immune System To Fight Cancer. Immunotherapy becomes reality for cancer
- Female Tea Drinkers See Epigenetic Changes in Cancer and Hormone Genes
- Live for ever: Scientists say they’ll soon extend life ‘well beyond 120’ - Fixing the ‘problem’ of ageing is the mission of Silicon Valley, where billions is pouring into biotech firms working to ‘hack the code’ of life – despite concerns about the social implications
- A Baby With 3 Genetic Parents Seems Healthy, But Questions Remain.
- Using CRISPR to reverse retinitis pigmentosa and restore visual function. Review article and original article.
- What 770,000 Tubes of Saliva Reveal About America. AncesteryDNA.
- Wildlife Poaching Police Just Got a New Weapon: A portable, cheap DNA sequencer
- China Pushes Ahead With Human Gene-Editing Trials: The U.S. is yet to begin its first human trial involving the Crispr-Cas9 gene-editing technique.
- How the DNA Revolution Is Changing Us. National Geographic
- UK approves first study of gene editing (CRISPR)
- Gene-drive technology
- Gene Editing
Education Resources
- NCBI tutorials
- NCBI: Genetic Testing Registry
- Epigenetics Q&A. NOVA.
- The Elements of Bioinformatics. Tools
- Computational Epigenetics Resources
- Lab creates bioinformatics tool for metagenome analysis
- Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. An Online Catalog of Human Genes and Genetic Disorders www.omim.org/
- Genetics Case Studies. Medical examples.
- NIH Genetic Education Resources
- Comparative Genomics Background Information
- GenomeTV - National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) collection of video resources